tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64482383892915856412024-03-08T13:08:53.691-08:00Model SpottingScoreland Modeling Agencyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09178651407934791123noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6448238389291585641.post-85888110072846019192022-02-15T14:45:00.002-08:002022-02-15T14:45:26.969-08:00Geothermal District Heating in Reykjavik Today<p> District heating - DH - is a system which distributes heat from a centralised generation plant to end (residential, tertiary, commercial, recreational facilities...) users, connected via a heating grid and substations. DH has replaced, in most instances, traditional central heating systems where each building is heated by an individual boiler. Clearly, DH achieves higher energy, economic and environmental performance. Heat supply is best adjusted to users demand. Individual building boilers are replaced by a heat exchanger three way valve piping outfit, fuel supplies and operation/maintenance are optimised, all factors resulting in significant cost savings. Last but not least, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and excess heat losses, thus securing upgraded environmental control. As of early 2000’s European DH market penetration stands as follows (percentage of district heated houses) : Iceland: 96%; Baltic States / Poland / Sweden / Denmark / Finland: 50-60%; Austria / Germany: 12-15%; UK/Netherlands: 1-4%.</p><div class="k31gt"><p>This record reflects (i) the fact that Iceland enjoys abundant geothermal resources added to a consistent energy policy of the state in favour of energy savings and renewable energy sources (RES), the latter adopted by Scandinavian, Baltic and Polish states, and (ii) an almost negligible DH share in the UK and Netherlands, most likely attributed to an adverse natural gas lobby competition and, at a lesser extent, to milder climatic conditions. Despite its “modernity” DH is nothing new. As a matter of fact, it dates back to Roman ages as witnessed by remnants evidencing city homes and baths heated via natural hot water catchments and piping. At Chaudes Aigues, in Central France, a city DH system, pioneered in year 1330, fed by the Par hot spring at 82°C, is still operating to date. Heated homes were charged, in those times, a tax by the local landlord in exchange of maintenance duties, as reported in the city annals. Noteworthy is that these early DH systems could be completed thanks to local hot springs and shallow wells, i.e. (sub)surface evidence of geothermal heat conveyed by water.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>So, everything considered, engineering of geothermal district heating - GDH - ambitions nothing more than revisiting DH sources. However, no way does this “revival” imply a geothermal archaeological itinerary, but a thorough technological accomplishment instead. DH represents 35% of the European installed power dedicated to direct uses, i.e. an online capacity nearing 5,000 Mwt. Major GDH sites (over 35 exceeding 5 MWt capacity) highlight the dominant role played by Iceland and Turkey, two countries enjoying favourable, volcanically and tectonically active, geodynamic settings on the Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Aegean façade/Anatolian plateau respectively, demonstrating also relevant entrepreneurial skills. The two largest schemes address the heating of the city of Reykjavik and of the Paris suburban area.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>GDH provides almost the whole of the Reykjavik demand with an installed capacity of 830 MWt serving 180,000 people, 60 million m3/yr of water at an average 75°C (user inlet) temperature. The city grid elsewhere exhibits several distinctive features compared to most of its European replica. An important part of the hot water supply is piped from distant wells and there is no injection whatsoever of the heat depleted water (ca 35°C) underground.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>The Paris Basin GDH system is based on a dependable sedimentary resource environment and on the doublet concept of heat extraction. Here, hot waters at an average 70°C temperature are hosted in permeable carbonate rocks (the Dogger limestone reservoir) at depths of 1500 to 1800 m. The geothermal fluid, a hot saline brine including a solution gas phase, is pumped to surface from a production well and the heat depleted brine pumped back into the source reservoir via an injection well; the doublet well spacing is designed in order to avoid premature cooling of the production well. </p></div>Scoreland Modeling Agencyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09178651407934791123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6448238389291585641.post-23775212664615549442022-02-15T14:44:00.002-08:002022-02-15T14:44:39.551-08:00Geothermal Loop and Heating Grid Interfaced by the Geothermal Heat Exchanger<p> The thirty-four geothermal doublets (and as many heating grids), operating since the early 1980’s in the Paris area, totalise installed power and generating capacities of 230 MWt and 1,000 GWht/yr respectively and serve over 100,000 equivalent dwellings, each 70 m2 in area. They achieve the savings of 500,000 tons of CO2 emissions. Oradea, in Western Romania, is an example of the insertion of a geothermal heating system into the existing city, coal fired/back pressure, combined heat and power (CHP) network, typical of previous Central/Eastern Europe district heating practice. Eleven geothermal wells (2500-3450 m; 72-106 °C), among which two doublet arrays, are serviced for heat and sanitary hot water -SHW - supply amounting to ca 100,000 MWht/yr, via the CHP grid substations.</p><div class="k31gt"><p>Worth recalling is that a GDH system has to comply with variable heat loads and existing building designs and heating modes. These conditions become acute for low outdoor temperatures (peak loads) and conventional, temperature demanding, heaters (such as cast iron radiators). Therefore base load supply and retrofitting are the rule. With the exception of Iceland, another prerequisite prevails respective to the geothermal resource to heat load adequacy. Both resource and demand need to be geographically matched.The two major components of a typical GDH grid are the geothermal loop and heating grid mains, interfaced by the geothermal heat exchanger. Modern doublet designs (in known areas) include two wells drilled in deviation from a single drilling pad. </p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Bottomhole spacings are designed to secure a minimum twenty year span before cooling of the production well occurs. Well depths (deviated) of 2000 to 3500 m are not uncommon; often located in sensitive, densely populated urban environments, they require heavy duty, silent rigs (up to 350 tons hook loads, diesel electric drive). Similar environmental constraints apply to periodical well maintenance (workover) operations which occasionally take place in landscaped sites. Fiberglas lined production/injection wells, first completed in 1995, are a material solution to steel casing corrosion. Continuous downhole chemical inhibition lines are another alternative to defeat corrosion/scaling shortcomings in hostile thermochemical environments.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Geothermal fluid production is usually sustained by artificial lift, i.e. submersible, variable speed drive, pump sets of either the electric or (enclosed) lineshaft type. Whenever self flowing production may be substituted, low well head pressures and subsequent escape of solution gases require the installation of a degassing/abatement unit. To combat corrosion damage and ease periodical cleaning, geothermal heat exchangers need to conform to titanium plate design and manufacturing.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Back up heat, below outdoor transition temperature (5 to 10 °C), can be supplied partly by heat pumps and totally by boilers. Heat pumps of the water/water type may upgrade geothermal heat recovery, from heat exchange alone, by depleting rejection temperatures and boosting grid distribution temperatures downstream from the geothermal heat exchanger. Accordingly, various heat pump configurations may be contemplated and heat pump units combined in either serial, parallel or hybrid modes. In several instances (Denmark, Germany, Iceland) absorption heat pumps, often associated with geothermal Combined Heat & Power plants (CHP), have been successfully implemented.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Geothermal district cooling is actually poorly developed in Europe, hardly 30 Mwt installed cold power. This development issue which could provide additional summer loads to GDH systems should therefore be challenged by geothermal operators (and users). Cooling based on absorption chillers (heat pumps), using water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide(or ammoniac) as an absorbent seems an appropriate answer, provided minimum geothermal temperatures stand above 70 °C. The refrigerant, liberated by heat from the solution produces a refrigerant effect in the evaporator when cooling water is circulated through the condenser and absorber. </p></div>Scoreland Modeling Agencyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09178651407934791123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6448238389291585641.post-58430977525945366092022-02-15T14:43:00.003-08:002022-02-15T14:43:51.243-08:00Should Geothermal Energy Be Preferred in a Desalination Process<p> In the Paris Basin, for instance, absorption chillers can be placed in grid substations and the primary hot fluid supplied by the geothermal heat plant. The chilled water can be piped to consumers via the same flow circuit used for heating and the same heaters although, in this respect, alternative devices (fan coils, ceiling coolers) would be preferable. Note that each absorption chiller unit needs to be equipped with a cooling tower.</p><div class="k31gt"><p>Geothermal undertakings at large, and GDH in particular, are capital intensive owing to the high infrastructure (mining – geothermal wells - and surface - piping) investments required. Those are, on the other hand, compensated by the low running - operation/maintenance – costs. Depending on local geothermal settings (high/low heat flows, shallow/deep seated sources), socio-economic conditions and pricing policies (kWht or m3 of hot water) the average MWht selling price to GDH subscribers varies between 30 and 60 €/Mwht.
Given economic (project life), reservoir longevity (cooling breakthrough time) and well physical lifetimes of say thirty years, the question often arises as whether there is a life after these critical thresholds and, if so, for how long. These issues have been thoroughly investigated, in particular in the Paris Basin, where GDH lives extending over 75 to 100 years, i.e. far beyond project life expectations, could be assessed provided the production/injection wells be periodically (every 25-30 years) (re)completed and drilled at adequate reservoir locations, according to corrosion resistant designs. Hence, the projected scenarios meet sustainability requirements.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Close to zero atmospheric emissions of green house gases. Among the indirect non quantified benefits, known as externalities, of GDH ought to be mentioned the contribution to significant reduction of environmentally provoked diseases (asthma among others).</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 1000 cubic meters per person per year is the benchmark level below which chronic water scarcity is considered to impede development and harm human health. 97.5% of the total global stock of water is saline and only 2.5% is fresh water. Approximately 70% of this global freshwater stock is locked up in polar icecaps and a major part of the remaining 30% lies in remote underground aquifers. In effect, only a miniscule fraction of freshwater (less than 1% of total freshwater or 0.007% of the total global water stock) that is available in rivers, lakes and reservoirs is readily accessible for direct human use. Geothermal energy is a source of renewable energy and the oceans are a major alternative source of water.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Desalination is very energy-intensive, and sustainable energy systems urgently need to be developed. Desalination technology is providing safe drinking water even to some ‘water-rich’ nations where pollution reduced the quality of natural waters. Thus, as a means of augmenting fresh water supplies, desalination contributes significantly to global sustainability. Desalination techniques such as those driven by geothermal heat have increased the range of water resources available for use by a community. Seawater desalination is one of the most promising fields for the application of geothermal energy due to the coincidence, in many places of the world, of water scarcity, seawater availability and geothermal potential. During the 90s the Kimolos Project was a research project that successfully demonstrated the technical feasibility of geothermal seawater desalination using low enthalpy geothermal energy. </p></div>Scoreland Modeling Agencyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09178651407934791123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6448238389291585641.post-18436522587497627202022-02-15T14:42:00.003-08:002022-02-15T14:42:59.726-08:00Geothermal Energy Provides a Stable and Reliable Heat Supply<p> Low enthalpy (t>60°C) geothermal energy can effectively drive a sea or brackish water desalination unit in order to produce fresh water for drinking and/or irrigation. As a geothermal plant, whether used for power generation or for space heating or other applications, has large quantities of available heat at low cost, the most cost effective method for seawater desalination is to provide directly geothermal heat to a MED (multi effect distillation) plant.</p><div class="k31gt"><p>Geothermal energy provides a stable and reliable heat supply 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, ensuring the stability of the thermal processes of desalination. Geothermal production technology, i.e. to extract hot water from underground aquifers, is mature. Low temperature MED desalination technology is also mature. Geothermal desalination yields fresh water of high quality. MED desalination method has low energy requirements maximizing the fresh water output from a given low enthalpy geothermal potential and minimizing the corresponding costs.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Geothermal desalination is cost effective, as fresh water costs of less than 1 Euro/m3 are possible. Geothermal desalination is friendly to the environment, as only renewable energy is used with no emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gasses. Geothermal desalination aids local development and improves employment perspectives. Geothermal desalination saves foreign currency as no imported fossil fuels are used. Geothermal desalination has been successfully demonstrated on the island of Kimolos, Greece through a project supported by the European Commission.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>MED powered by geothermal energy is preferred due to lower energy requirement in comparison with other desalination processes. MED method is based on the multi-effect distillation rising film principle at low evaporation temperatures (less than 70°C) due to low, almost vacuum, pressure prevailing in the vessels. The rising effect principle takes advantage of the fact that the inner tube surfaces are always covered by a thin film of feed water that prevents scale formation.</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>Evaporation through multiple-effect is a very energy efficient technology, as in each vessel (effect) the feed water boils utilizing the heat released by condensing vapor from the previous effect. A pilot unit to demonstrate the feasibility of exploiting the low enthalpy geothermal potential of the island for the production of fresh water through geothermal water desalination with the objective to achieve water sufficiency for the island .</p></div><div class="k31gt"><p>MED results in excellent water quality with a salinity level close to 10 ppm. Fewer stages (effects) are needed in an installation compared to an MSF system, resulting in lower costs per m3 of produced fresh water. The total production of fresh water is approximately 80 m3/day. The produced water cost is estimated of the order of 1.6 €/m3 (including only annual operation costs), which is satisfactory for a small unit if this size; desalination costs are expected to be considerably lower in large scale geothermal desalination plants. </p></div>Scoreland Modeling Agencyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09178651407934791123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6448238389291585641.post-89764521483464565202015-12-21T04:05:00.003-08:002016-01-23T20:54:08.486-08:00Cold Case of A Girl with Dragon Tattoo<span style="font-size: x-small;">David Fincher has tackled some twisted tales over the
course of his career, notably </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Seven </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>AC
</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Oct. ’95), </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Fight</i></span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Club </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>AC
</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nov. ’97) and </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Zodiac
</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>AC </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">April
’06), but his latest picture, </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The Girl with
the Dragon Tattoo</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">, could be his most
complicated narrative yet. Adapted from the first book in Swedish
author Stieg Larsson’s wildly popular trilogy, the film follows
Mikael Blomkvist (Daniel Craig), a renowned investigative journalist
who accepts an unusual job offer after his journalism career is
derailed by accusations of libel.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Wealthy
industrialist Henrik Vanger (Christopher Plummer) asks Blomkvist to
solve a 40-year-old cold case, the disappearance of Vanger’s niece,
Harriet, and in return Vanger will not only pay handsomely, but also
help disprove the libel accusations against Blomkvist. During his
investigation, which reveals a number of sordid family secrets,
Blomkvist teams with young, eccentric hacker Lisbeth Salander (Rooney
Mara), whose eye-catching tattoo gives the story its title.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Please
visit our reliable source.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Larsson’s
trilogy — </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">,
</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The Girl Who Played with Fire </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">and
</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet’s Nest </i></span>—
<span style="font-size: x-small;">was brought to the silver screen by Swedish filmmakers</span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">in 2009, and when Fincher began prepping his version of</span>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Dragon Tattoo</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">, he was keen to
retain its native elements by</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">shooting
extensively in Sweden and using a Swedish crew. “It was an
aesthetic choice,” says Fincher. “We wanted it to look and feel
like a Swedish film, and I think it does. We were already getting
flak for doing a Hollywood version of the story, so we made a
commitment to doing as much of the movie as</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">possible
in Sweden, with a Swedish crew.”</span><br />
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<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">That
crew initially included a Swedish cinematographer, but after a few
weeks of shooting, Fincher decided to make a change. He called Jeff
Cronenweth, ASC, one of his longtime collaborators, and asked him to
take over. Cronenweth recalls, “I got a call at 6 in the morning,
and it was Bob Wagner, David’s assistant director, asking how I was
doing. I said, ‘I’m fine, Bob, but it’s 6 a.m., so this
obviously isn’t a social call. What’s up?’ He said David and
the cinematographer weren’t seeing eye-to-eye, and he asked if I
was available to take over. “I gave it a lot of thought because it
was a tough situation,” continues the</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">cinematographer.
“One doesn’t want to replace someone else. It’s always
unfortunate. I hadn’t been involved in the prep, and I was worried
about communication with the crew, thinking they might resent me
because I was replacing one of their own. But David and I go way
back, we’ve worked together many times, and, luckily, we had
discussed the movie before he embarked on it. Ultimately, the
decision was not that hard, and it was really smooth sailing. The
crew welcomed me with open arms.”</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
“<span style="font-size: x-small;">It’s
a difficult thing to walk onto someone else’s film, and Jeff didn’t
agree to it overnight,” says Fincher. “In retrospect, I would
have done it a different way and not been so committed to the idea of
an entirely Swedish production; I would have started with Jeff from
the beginning. I was really lucky he was able to bail us out and that
we got a chance to work together again.” The production was using
the Pix system, an online project-management platform that
facilitates instant access to reports, script changes and dailies,
and with it Cronenweth was able to view all of the footage that had
been shot before he arrived in Europe. He met with the key production
team in Zurich on a Saturday morning, and by the following Tuesday he
was shooting in Stockholm.</span></div>
</div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6448238389291585641.post-10656297949082034362015-12-21T04:03:00.002-08:002016-01-23T20:55:30.909-08:00Short Takes through A Glass Brightly part I<span style="font-size: x-small;">Steve Romano’s cinematography jobs have taken him
to many far-flung locales, but for </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>String
Theory</i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">, the grand-prize winner at the
International Cinematographers Guild’s 2011 Emerging
Cinematographer</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Awards,
he and director Zach Gold never left Gold’s studio in Brooklyn in
their quest to capture the big ideas surrounding a girl (Evelina
Mambetova) who experiences rifts in her reality. </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>String
Theory </i></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">is the latest in a series of
fashion-focused shorts by Gold, and it uses A.F. Vandervorst’s 2010
collection as its springboard.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">According
to Romano, Gold and producer/stylist David Dumas, who also served as
art director, wanted a film that was beautiful and haunting, with
serene moments interrupted by jarring images. “My job as a director
of photography is to act according to the vision of the directors,
including the art director,” Romano observes. “You’re enhancing
what they created, and you have to make them feel welcome in the
process.” Romano, who also works as a Phantom camera technician,
supplied the production with a Phantom HD Gold camera, Leica prime
lenses (re-housed by Van Diemen Broadcast) and most of the</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">small
lighting package, including a couple of 2x2 Kino Flos, a 10K Fresnel,
a 5K Fresnel and a handful of 2K scoops.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The
girl is introduced in a dusty, windowless room lit by dozens of warm
practical lamps. She kneels, motionless, on a pedestal, covered in
what looks like a fine layer of silt; a soft toplight (a diffused 1K)
separates her from the background. In the next shot, she comes to
life and shakes off the silt, which cascades off her skin in slow
motion. The filmmakers shot Mambetova’s movements at 1,000 fps,</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">recording
to 512 GB CineMags. “We had to match the light for the rest of the
scene, but with something like 5 times more light,” says Romano.
“We made sure the light was coming from the same angles as in the
previous shot, but we concentrated the light on her instead of the
whole set.”</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">To
boost the light level for the slow-motion shot, a Mole 10K gelled
with </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span>⁄<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">CTO,
Opal and 216 was positioned above the actress. “There are no
super-wide high-speed shots in the film,” notes Romano, who used
tighter compositions to hide the limited amount of light available at
advanced frame rates. “Having a really good gaffer helps. Christian
Ern was our gaffer and lighting director, sides were actual mirrors.
The top and the other three sides were panes of two-way glass. Romano
pointed his camera through one of the two-way mirrors and lit the box
through the other two-way mirrors with a 5K Fresnel.</span><br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Romano
shot the box at a T1.6, but it was still difficult to get enough
light. "The Phantom HD Gold is rated at 250 ASA, which I
estimate to be less, and each pane of two-way glass blocked as much
as 1½ stops of light from both the lens and the lamps," he
says. "Further complicating matters, hot lamps can have an
adverse effect on butterflies, so I didn’t shoot above 30 fps. On
the tighter shots, we removed the top glass, moved the light in a bit
closer and were able to shoot at 200 fps. “If we’d shot it on the
[Phantom] Flex, we would have had 2½ more stops of light
sensitivity,” he reflects. “I could also get a lot more light
[without heat] from some of the newer LED lights we have today. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
“<span style="font-size: x-small;">Doing
a lot of bug photography, I’ve learned there are things you can do
to get bugs to move, but heat will make them stop,” he continues.
“We had to turn the lights off, cool them down and keep the top of
the box off for a while. Once the butterflies get over it, you put
the top back on, crank the lights up and shoot. No butterflies were
harmed in the making of this picture, by the way.” In one of the
film’s most stylized</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">sequences,
Mambetova stands in a Plexiglas tank that covers her torso, and it’s
full of butterflies. </span>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Shooting
against a white background, Romano toplit the actress with a heavily
diffused 10K Fresnel and aimed two Nine-light Maxi-Brutes at the
background. Once the butterflies were in the tank, the filmmakers sat
back and waited for something to happen. “Bugs, puppies and little
kids are arduous to photograph because there’s no way you can
corral them,” says the cinematographer. “The beauty of the
Phantom</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">is its
circular buffer. When you shoot anything above 450 fps at 1920x1080
on the Phantom HD Gold, as long as the camera is on, you’re always
recording into its internal circular memory buffer. If you use what’s
called a ‘post-trigger,’ you can hit the record button after the
action is done, and you’ve got the shot. At 1,000 fps, you get 4.4
seconds of data [in the internal memory], approximately 2.7 minutes
of<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span>footage.”</span></div>
<br />
<br />
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0